tirsdag 15. januar 2013
søndag 13. januar 2013
Bruchomyiinae Alexander, 1920
Bruchomyiinae Alexander, 1920
Bruchomyiinae Alexander, 1920
Nemopalpinae Edwards, 1921
Description (from Duckhouse 1965, Hennig 1972, Wagner 2006):
Appearance culiciform.
Eyes widely separated.
Mouthparts non-functional. Palps with five segments.
Sc with connection to R1 and often to C
CuA3 present.
Gonostylus without thorns.
Genera
Bruchomyia Alexander, 1920 (Neotropical)
Eutonnoiriella Alexander, 1940 (Afrotropical)
Nemopalpus Macquart, 1821 (Cosmotropical)
Key to genera
1. Antennae with 14 flagellomeres
2. Antennae with 111 flagellomeres
Bibliography:
Alexander, C. P. (1921) A new subfamily of tanyderid flies. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 13 (1920), 402-407.
Alexander, C. P. (1940) Further observations on the psychodid subfamily Bruchomyinae (Diptera). Revista de Entomologia, 11, 793-799.
Duckhouse, D. A. (1965) Psychodidae (Diptera, Nematocera) of Southern Australia, subfamilies Bruchomyiinae and Trichomyiinae. Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London, 117, 329-343
Edwards, F. W. (1921) A note on the subfamily Bruchomyiinæ (Diptera Nematocera). Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 7.
Macquart, J. (1838) Dipteres exotiques noveaux ou peu connus. Mémoires de la Société royale des sciences, de l’agriculture et des arts de Lille, 1, 9-225
Wagner, R. (2006) Amber Bruchomyiinae: descriptions of already known and new species, and the position of the subfamily within Psychodidae (s.l.) (Diptera). Studia Dipterologica, 13, 83-95
Bruchomyiinae Alexander, 1920
Nemopalpinae Edwards, 1921
Description (from Duckhouse 1965, Hennig 1972, Wagner 2006):
Appearance culiciform.
Eyes widely separated.
Mouthparts non-functional. Palps with five segments.
Sc with connection to R1 and often to C
CuA3 present.
Gonostylus without thorns.
Genera
Bruchomyia Alexander, 1920 (Neotropical)
Eutonnoiriella Alexander, 1940 (Afrotropical)
Nemopalpus Macquart, 1821 (Cosmotropical)
Key to genera
1. Antennae with 14 flagellomeres
Nemopalpus Macquart, 1821
-. Antennae with more than 14 flagellomeres
2
2. Antennae with 111 flagellomeres
Eutonnoiriella Alexander, 1940
-. Antennae with around 30 flagellomeres.
Bruchomyia Alexander, 1920
Bibliography:
Alexander, C. P. (1921) A new subfamily of tanyderid flies. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 13 (1920), 402-407.
Alexander, C. P. (1940) Further observations on the psychodid subfamily Bruchomyinae (Diptera). Revista de Entomologia, 11, 793-799.
Duckhouse, D. A. (1965) Psychodidae (Diptera, Nematocera) of Southern Australia, subfamilies Bruchomyiinae and Trichomyiinae. Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London, 117, 329-343
Edwards, F. W. (1921) A note on the subfamily Bruchomyiinæ (Diptera Nematocera). Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 7.
Macquart, J. (1838) Dipteres exotiques noveaux ou peu connus. Mémoires de la Société royale des sciences, de l’agriculture et des arts de Lille, 1, 9-225
Wagner, R. (2006) Amber Bruchomyiinae: descriptions of already known and new species, and the position of the subfamily within Psychodidae (s.l.) (Diptera). Studia Dipterologica, 13, 83-95
Psychodidae Newman, 1834
Psychodidae Newman, 1834
Psychodites Newman, 1834
Description (based on Hennig 1972, Quate & Vockeroth 1981)
Flagellomeres with hyaline sensory appendages (ascoids). Wing with 10 (occasionally 9) longitudinal veins reaching margin; without crossveins except sometimes those closing basal cells. Costa surrounding the wing. A2 absent. Terminalia usually inverted 180 degrees.
Key to subfamilies
1. R with 4 branches
-. R2+3 present as fork, R4+5 fused.
Bibliography:
Hennig, W. (1972) Insektenfossilien aus der unteren Kreide IV. Psychodidae (Phlebotominae),
mit einer kritischen Übersicht über das phylogenetische System der Familie und die bisher
beschriebenen Fossilien (Diptera). Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde, 241, 1-69
Newman, E. (1834) Attempted division of British insects into natural orders. Entomological Magazine, 2,
379-431.
Quate, L. W. & Vockeroth, J. R. (1981) Psychodidae. In: J. F. McAlpine, B. V. Peterson, G. E.
Shewell, H. J. Teskey, J. R. Vockeroth & D. M. Wood (Eds), Manual of Nearctic Diptera
Vol.1. Biosystematics Research institute, Ottawa, pp. 293-300.
Psychodites Newman, 1834
Description (based on Hennig 1972, Quate & Vockeroth 1981)
Flagellomeres with hyaline sensory appendages (ascoids). Wing with 10 (occasionally 9) longitudinal veins reaching margin; without crossveins except sometimes those closing basal cells. Costa surrounding the wing. A2 absent. Terminalia usually inverted 180 degrees.
Key to subfamilies
1. R with 4 branches
2
-. R with 5 branches
4
2 (1). R2+3 fused, R4+5 present as fork.
Horaiellinae Enderlein, 1936
-. R2+3 present as fork, R4+5 fused.
3
3 (2). CuA2 elongate. Palp with three or four segments. Male gonopods dorsally on the animal.
Trichomyiinae Tonnoir, 1922
-. CuA2 short. Palp with four segments. Male gonopods usually ventrally on the animal.
Sycoracinae Jung, 1954
4 (1). Eyes usually meeting above bases of antennae. Mouthparts non-functional. Palp with four segments. Basal cells shortened. Wing base with a triangular jugum. Male surstyli with retinaculae. Usually compact, stout insects.
Psychodinae Newman, 1834
-. Eyes widely separated. Mouthparts non-functional or functional. Palp with five segments. Basal cells elongate. Wing base without a triangular jugum. Male surstyli usually without retinaculae. Slender, culiciform insects.
5
5 (4). Mouthparts non-functional. CuA3 present, elongate. Gonostylus of male without thorns.
Bruchomyiinae Alexander, 1920
-. Mouthparts functional. CuA3 absent. Gonostylus of male with thorns.
Phlebotominae Rondani, 1840
Bibliography:
Hennig, W. (1972) Insektenfossilien aus der unteren Kreide IV. Psychodidae (Phlebotominae),
mit einer kritischen Übersicht über das phylogenetische System der Familie und die bisher
beschriebenen Fossilien (Diptera). Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde, 241, 1-69
Newman, E. (1834) Attempted division of British insects into natural orders. Entomological Magazine, 2,
379-431.
Quate, L. W. & Vockeroth, J. R. (1981) Psychodidae. In: J. F. McAlpine, B. V. Peterson, G. E.
Shewell, H. J. Teskey, J. R. Vockeroth & D. M. Wood (Eds), Manual of Nearctic Diptera
Vol.1. Biosystematics Research institute, Ottawa, pp. 293-300.
Nemopalpus ledgeri Stuckenberg, 1978
Nemopalpus ledgeri Stuckenberg, 1978
Nemopalpus ledgeri Stuckenberg, 1978
Description
Interocular distance about one third of head width.
Gonopods articulating in the vertical plane. Gonocoxite about twice as long as gonostylus.
Gonostylus with narrow basis, distally expanded and pyriform; carrying dense field of black microsetae ventrally (morphologically dorsally).
Distribution
Namibia (Stuckenberg 1978)
Natural History:
Specimens were collected in the burrows of the rock hyrax, Procavia capensis (Stuckenberg 1978).
Bibliography
Stuckenberg, B. R. 1978. Two new species of Nemopalpus (Diptera: Psychodidae) found in rock hyrax abodes in South West Africa. Annals of the Natal Museum, 23: 367-374
Nemopalpus ledgeri Stuckenberg, 1978
 |
| Nemopalpus ledgeri Stuckenberg, 1978, terminalia in lateral view. From Stuckenberg (1978) |
Interocular distance about one third of head width.
Gonopods articulating in the vertical plane. Gonocoxite about twice as long as gonostylus.
Gonostylus with narrow basis, distally expanded and pyriform; carrying dense field of black microsetae ventrally (morphologically dorsally).
Distribution
Namibia (Stuckenberg 1978)
Natural History:
Specimens were collected in the burrows of the rock hyrax, Procavia capensis (Stuckenberg 1978).
Bibliography
Stuckenberg, B. R. 1978. Two new species of Nemopalpus (Diptera: Psychodidae) found in rock hyrax abodes in South West Africa. Annals of the Natal Museum, 23: 367-374
Nemopalpus davidsoni Stuckenberg, 1978
Nemopalpus davidsoni Stuckenberg, 1978
Nemopalpus davidsoni Stuckenberg, 1978
Description (after Stuckenberg 1978):
Interocular distance about one third of head width.
Gonopods articulating in the vertical plane. Gonocoxite less than 1.5 times as long as gonostylus.
Gonostylus elongate, tongue-shaped; carrying dense field of black microsetae distally.
Aedeagus in lateral view truncate apically, thickened at base.
Distribution
Namibia (Stuckenberg 1978)
Natural History:
Specimens were collected in the burrows of the rock hyrax, Procavia capensis (Stuckenberg 1978).
Bibliography
Stuckenberg, B. R. 1978. Two new species of Nemopalpus (Diptera: Psychodidae) found in rock hyrax abodes in South West Africa. Annals of the Natal Museum, 23: 367-374
Nemopalpus davidsoni Stuckenberg, 1978
 |
| Nemopalpus davidsoni Stuckenberg, 1978 - gonopod and aedeagus in lateral view. From Stuckenberg (1978) |
Description (after Stuckenberg 1978):
Interocular distance about one third of head width.
Gonopods articulating in the vertical plane. Gonocoxite less than 1.5 times as long as gonostylus.
Gonostylus elongate, tongue-shaped; carrying dense field of black microsetae distally.
Aedeagus in lateral view truncate apically, thickened at base.
Distribution
Namibia (Stuckenberg 1978)
Natural History:
Specimens were collected in the burrows of the rock hyrax, Procavia capensis (Stuckenberg 1978).
Bibliography
Stuckenberg, B. R. 1978. Two new species of Nemopalpus (Diptera: Psychodidae) found in rock hyrax abodes in South West Africa. Annals of the Natal Museum, 23: 367-374
Nemopalpus Macquart, 1838
Nemopalpus Macquart, 1838
Nemopalpus Macquart, 1838: 223(227); 1839: 102. Type species: Nemopalpus flavus Macquart, 1838, by monotypy.
Nemapalpus: Macquart, 1838: 85(89). Incorrect original spelling of Nemopalpus Macquart, 1838 [teste Macquart (1839: 102)].
Nygmatodes Loew, 1845: 9. Unavailable name.
Palaeosycorax Meunier, 1905: 50. Type species: Palaeosycorax tertiariae Meunier, 1905, by monotypy
Description:
Antennae with 16 segments.
Species (based on Curler & Jacobson 2012):
Afrotropical
capensis Edwards, 1929
concolor Stuckenberg, 1962
davidsoni Stuckenberg, 1978
ledgeri Stuckenberg, 1978
transvaalensis Stuckenberg, 1962
Key to Afrotropical Nemopalpus (based on Stuckenberg 1962, 1978):
1. Gonostylus with dense patch of black microsetae
-. Gonostylus without dense patch of black microsetae
2 (1). Dense patch of black microsetae laterobasally on gonostylus. Gonostylus more or less J-shaped
-. Dense patch of black microsetae laterodistally on gonostylus. Gonostylus tongue-shaped.
3 (1). Bases of R5 and M with spurs. If the gonostylus carries a distal row of sensory spines, it is not widened apically.
-. Bases of R5 and M without spurs. Gonostylus more or less foot-shaped, widened apically, with distal row of 8 clavate sensory spines.
Nearctic
nearcticus Young, 1976
Neotropical
acaenohybos Quate & Alexander, 2000
amazonensis Wagner & Stuckenberg, 2012
antillarum Fairchild, 1952
arroyoi de Leon, 1950
brejetubensis Santos, Falqueto & Alexander, 2009
brevinervis Barretto & d’Andretta, 1946
Oceanian
australiensis Alexander, 1928
glyphanos Curler in Curler & Jacobson, 2012
zealandiae Alexander, 1921
Key to Oceanian Nemopalpus (based on Curler & Jacobson 2012)
1. Medial fork distal to r-m
-. Medial fork adjacent to r-m (M2 arising from level of r-m)
2 (1). Gonostylus with conspicuous lobes and spiniform setae
Oriental
orientalis Edwards, 1928
unicolor Edwards, 1933
vietnamensis Quate, 1962
Palearctic
flavus Macquart, 1838
Stuckenberg, B. R. 1962. The South African species of Nemopalpus (Diptera: Psychodidae). Annals of the Natal Museum, 15: 201-218
Stuckenberg, B. R. 1978. Two new species of Nemopalpus (Diptera: Psychodidae) found in rock hyrax abodes in South West Africa. Annals of the Natal Museum, 23: 367-374
Nemopalpus Macquart, 1838: 223(227); 1839: 102. Type species: Nemopalpus flavus Macquart, 1838, by monotypy.
Nemapalpus: Macquart, 1838: 85(89). Incorrect original spelling of Nemopalpus Macquart, 1838 [teste Macquart (1839: 102)].
Nygmatodes Loew, 1845: 9. Unavailable name.
Palaeosycorax Meunier, 1905: 50. Type species: Palaeosycorax tertiariae Meunier, 1905, by monotypy
Description:
Antennae with 16 segments.
Species (based on Curler & Jacobson 2012):
Afrotropical
capensis Edwards, 1929
concolor Stuckenberg, 1962
davidsoni Stuckenberg, 1978
ledgeri Stuckenberg, 1978
transvaalensis Stuckenberg, 1962
Key to Afrotropical Nemopalpus (based on Stuckenberg 1962, 1978):
1. Gonostylus with dense patch of black microsetae
2
3
Nemopalpus ledgeri Stuckenberg, 1978
Nemopalpus davidsoni Stuckenberg, 1978
4
Nemopalpus concolor Stuckenberg, 1962
4 (3). Base of R2+3 with a spur. Gonocoxite about twice as long as gonostylus. Gonostylus with regular dorsal concavity.
Nemopalpus transvaalensis Stuckenberg, 1962
-. Base of R2+3 without a spur. Gonocoxite less than 1,5 x length of gonostylus. Gonostylus with irregular dorsal concavity.
Nemopalpus capensis Edwards, 1929
Nearctic
nearcticus Young, 1976
Neotropical
acaenohybos Quate & Alexander, 2000
amazonensis Wagner & Stuckenberg, 2012
antillarum Fairchild, 1952
arroyoi de Leon, 1950
brejetubensis Santos, Falqueto & Alexander, 2009
brevinervis Barretto & d’Andretta, 1946
cancer Wagner & Stuckenberg, 2012
capixaba Santos, Falqueto & Alexander, 2009; Brazil
dampfianus Alexander, 1940
dissimilis Barretto & d’Andretta, 1946
espiritosantoensis Santos, Falqueto & Alexander, 2009
immaculatus Freeman, 1949
mopani de León, 1950
moralesi de León, 1950
multisetosus Alexander, 1979
pallipes Shannon & del Ponte, 1927
patriciae Alexander, 1987
phoenimimos Quate & Alexander, 2000
pilipes Tonnoir, 1922
rondanica Quate & Alexander, 2000
similis Wagner & Stuckenberg, 2012
spinosus Bravo & Barata, 2012
stenygros Quate & Alexander, 2000
stuckenbergi Wagner, 2012
sziladyi Tonnoir, 1940
torrealbai Ortiz & Scorza, 1963
yucatensis Vargas & Díaz-Nájera, 1958
australiensis Alexander, 1928
glyphanos Curler in Curler & Jacobson, 2012
zealandiae Alexander, 1921
Key to Oceanian Nemopalpus (based on Curler & Jacobson 2012)
1. Medial fork distal to r-m
2
-. Medial fork adjacent to r-m (M2 arising from level of r-m)
Nemopalpus zealandiae Alexander, 1921
2 (1). Gonostylus with conspicuous lobes and spiniform setae
Nemopalpus australiensis Alexander, 1928
-. Gonostylus without conspicuous lobes and spiniform setae; smooth, beak-shaped.
Nemopalpus glyphanos Curler in Curler & Jacobson, 2012
Oriental
orientalis Edwards, 1928
unicolor Edwards, 1933
vietnamensis Quate, 1962
Palearctic
flavus Macquart, 1838
Bibliography
Curler, G. R. & Jacobson, A. J. 2012. New species of Psychodidae (Diptera) from Australasia, with a checklist of the world species of Bruchomyiinae and Sycoracinae. Zootaxa, 3552: 43-65
Stuckenberg, B. R. 1962. The South African species of Nemopalpus (Diptera: Psychodidae). Annals of the Natal Museum, 15: 201-218
Stuckenberg, B. R. 1978. Two new species of Nemopalpus (Diptera: Psychodidae) found in rock hyrax abodes in South West Africa. Annals of the Natal Museum, 23: 367-374
fredag 11. januar 2013
Psychoda cultella Salmela, Kvifte & More, 2012
Psychoda cultella Salmela, Kvifte & More, 2012
Psychoda cultella Salmela, Kvifte & More, 2012
Description (from Salmela et al. 2012, diagnostic characters in italics)
Antennae with 16 segments, terminal four near globular. F11 with a short neck, F12-14 partially fused.
Labellum with five teeth.
Wing forks complete.
Hypandrium narrow. Gonocoxite bulbous laterally. Gonostylus elongate, longer than gonocoxite.
Aedeagus with large knife-shaped paramere.Distal margin of subgenital plate with tufts of hair.
Surstyli elongate, basally bulbous.
DNA:
Two COI-sequences are available from GenBank: JQ349633 and JQ349634.
Distribution:
Finland (Salmela et al. 2012)
Norway (Salmela et al. 2012)
Natural History:
Psychoda cultella is probably fungivorous or saprobiont in the larval stage as two of the paratypes were reared from polyporous fungi (Salmela et al. 2012).
Bibliography
Salmela, J., Kvifte, G. M. & More, A. 2012. Description of a new Psychoda Latreille species from Fennoscandia (Diptera: Psychodidae). Zootaxa. 3313: 34-43.
Psychoda cultella Salmela, Kvifte & More, 2012
 |
| Psychoda cultella Salmela, Kvifte & More, 2012. Photograph by Gunnar Mikalsen Kvifte |
Description (from Salmela et al. 2012, diagnostic characters in italics)
Antennae with 16 segments, terminal four near globular. F11 with a short neck, F12-14 partially fused.
Labellum with five teeth.
Wing forks complete.
Hypandrium narrow. Gonocoxite bulbous laterally. Gonostylus elongate, longer than gonocoxite.
Aedeagus with large knife-shaped paramere.Distal margin of subgenital plate with tufts of hair.
Surstyli elongate, basally bulbous.
DNA:
Two COI-sequences are available from GenBank: JQ349633 and JQ349634.
Distribution:
Finland (Salmela et al. 2012)
Norway (Salmela et al. 2012)
Natural History:
Psychoda cultella is probably fungivorous or saprobiont in the larval stage as two of the paratypes were reared from polyporous fungi (Salmela et al. 2012).
Bibliography
Salmela, J., Kvifte, G. M. & More, A. 2012. Description of a new Psychoda Latreille species from Fennoscandia (Diptera: Psychodidae). Zootaxa. 3313: 34-43.
Pneumia ussurica (Wagner, 1994)
Pneumia ussurica (Wagner, 1994)
Satchelliella ussurica Wagner, 1994
Pneumia ussurica (Wagner, 1994) - Salmela 2004
Description (based on Wagner 1994 and Kvifte & Andersen 2012)
Eyebridge of six facet rows. Frons without protuberance.
Femur 1 slender.
Gonostylus of even width, tapering somewhat distally.
Aedeagus distally with transverse wrinkles, convex at lateral margins.
Surstyli almost straight with 5-6 retinacula.
Distribution:
Finland (Salmela 2004)
Norway (Kvifte & Andersen 2012)
Primorye (Russian far east) (Wagner 1994)
Natural History
Unknown.
Bibliography
Kvifte, G. M. & Andersen, T. 2012. Moth flies (Diptera, Psychodidae) from Finnmark, northern Norway. Norwegian Journal of Entomology. 59: 108-119.
Salmela, J. 2004. Semiaquatic flies (Diptera, Nematocera) of three mires in the southern boreal zone, Finland. Memoranda Societatis pro Fauna et Flora Fennica. 80: 1-10.
Wagner, R. 1994. On a collection of Psychodidae (Diptera) from the Far East of Russia. Studia dipterologica. 1: 75-92.
Satchelliella ussurica Wagner, 1994
Pneumia ussurica (Wagner, 1994) - Salmela 2004
 |
| Pneumia ussurica (Wagner, 1994) from Northern Norway. Photo: Gunnar Mikalsen Kvifte |
Description (based on Wagner 1994 and Kvifte & Andersen 2012)
Eyebridge of six facet rows. Frons without protuberance.
Femur 1 slender.
Gonostylus of even width, tapering somewhat distally.
Aedeagus distally with transverse wrinkles, convex at lateral margins.
Surstyli almost straight with 5-6 retinacula.
Distribution:
Finland (Salmela 2004)
Norway (Kvifte & Andersen 2012)
Primorye (Russian far east) (Wagner 1994)
Natural History
Unknown.
Bibliography
Kvifte, G. M. & Andersen, T. 2012. Moth flies (Diptera, Psychodidae) from Finnmark, northern Norway. Norwegian Journal of Entomology. 59: 108-119.
Salmela, J. 2004. Semiaquatic flies (Diptera, Nematocera) of three mires in the southern boreal zone, Finland. Memoranda Societatis pro Fauna et Flora Fennica. 80: 1-10.
Wagner, R. 1994. On a collection of Psychodidae (Diptera) from the Far East of Russia. Studia dipterologica. 1: 75-92.
Pericoma rivularis Berdén, 1954
Pericoma rivularis Berdén, 1954
Pericoma rivularis Berdén, 1954
Pericoma (Pachypericoma) bavarica Wagner, 1981 (syn. Wagner 1994)
Pericoma (Pachypericoma) rivularis Berdén, 1954 - Wagner, 1994
Pneumia rivularis (Berdén, 1954) - Omelková & Ježek, 2012
Description (based on Norwegian specimens, diagnostic characters in italics):
Eye bridge consisting of 4 rows of facets.
Flagellomere 14 with an unusually elongate apiculus for a Pericoma (see note below).
Gonocoxites very stout without mesal apodemes. Gonostylus with a long narrow part and a thickened base.
Inner lamellae distally terminating behind outer lamellae. Subgenital plate deeply bilobate, aedeagal armature with transverse rows of ridges anterior to edge of subgenital plate.
5-7 spatulate retinacula.
DNA:
COI: JQ349583 (from Kvifte & Andersen 2012)
NADH: JQ767098 and JQ767099 (from Espindola et al. 2012)
cyt B: JQ767036 and JQ767037 (from Espindola et al. 2012)
Distribution:
Czech Republic (Ježek 2003)
England (Withers 1989)
Finland (Berdén, 1954)
Germany (Wagner 1981, as Pericoma bavarica Wagner, 1981)
Ireland (Withers & O'Connor 1992)
Norway (Andersen & Håland, 1995)
Primorye (Russian far East) (Wagner 1994)
Scotland (Withers 1989)
Sweden (Berdén, 1954)
Natural History:
Unknown.
Discussion:
Wagner (1981) described Pericoma bavarica from Germany. The synonymy with Pericoma rivularis is not obvious from the illustrations, but is clear from the actual specimens.
Omelková & Ježek (2012) placed Pericoma rivularis in Pneumia Enderlein, 1935 based on the elongate apiculus on the terminal flagellomere. Kvifte & Andersen (2012) pointed out that Pneumia typically have retinacula with feathery tips and eyebridges of six or seven facets and argued that the elongate apiculus is a plesiomorphy of little value in classification. The placement of Pericoma rivularis is still unclear.
Bibliography
Andersen, T. & Håland, Ø. 1995. Norwegian moth flies (Diptera: Psychodidae). Fauna Norvegica Serie B. 42: 125-130.
Berdén, S. 1954. Taxonomical notes on Psychodidae (Dipt. Nem.) II. Four new species of Pericoma from Fennoscandia. Opuscula entomologica. 19: 33-39.
Espindola, M. A., Buerki, S., Jacquier, A., Ježek, J. & Alvarez, N. 2012. Phylogenetic relationships in the subfamily Psychodinae (Diptera, Psychodidae). Zoologica Scripta. 41: 489-498.
Ježek, J. 2003. New faunistic data and check list of non Phlebotomine moth flies (Diptera, Psychodidae) from the Czech and Slovak republics. Časopis Národního muzea, Řada přírodovědná. 172: 121-132.
Kvifte, G. M. & Andersen, T. 2012. Moth flies (Diptera, Psychodidae) from Finnmark, northern Norway. Norwegian Journal of Entomology. 59: 108-119.
Omelková, M. & Ježek, J. 2012. Two new species of Pneumia Enderlein (Diptera, Psychodidae, Psychodinae) from the Palearctic region. Zootaxa. 3180: 1-18.
Wagner, R. 1981. Über einige Psychodiden (Diptera, Nematocera) aus dem Murnauer Moos. Entomofauna. 2: 47-56.
Wagner, R. 1994. On a collection of Psychodidae (Diptera) from the Far East of Russia. Studia dipterologica. 1: 75-92.
Withers, P. 1989. Moth Flies Diptera: Psychodidae. Dipterists Digest. 4: 1-83.
Withers, P. & O'Connor, J. P. 1992. A Preliminary Account of the Irish Species of Moth Fly (Diptera: Psychodidae). Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy. Section B: Biological, Geological, and Chemical Science. 92B: 61-77.
Pericoma rivularis Berdén, 1954
Pericoma (Pachypericoma) bavarica Wagner, 1981 (syn. Wagner 1994)
Pericoma (Pachypericoma) rivularis Berdén, 1954 - Wagner, 1994
Pneumia rivularis (Berdén, 1954) - Omelková & Ježek, 2012
 |
| Pericoma rivularis Berdén, 1954 from eastern Norway. Photo: Gunnar Mikalsen Kvifte |
Eye bridge consisting of 4 rows of facets.
Flagellomere 14 with an unusually elongate apiculus for a Pericoma (see note below).
Gonocoxites very stout without mesal apodemes. Gonostylus with a long narrow part and a thickened base.
Inner lamellae distally terminating behind outer lamellae. Subgenital plate deeply bilobate, aedeagal armature with transverse rows of ridges anterior to edge of subgenital plate.
5-7 spatulate retinacula.
DNA:
COI: JQ349583 (from Kvifte & Andersen 2012)
NADH: JQ767098 and JQ767099 (from Espindola et al. 2012)
cyt B: JQ767036 and JQ767037 (from Espindola et al. 2012)
Distribution:
Czech Republic (Ježek 2003)
England (Withers 1989)
Finland (Berdén, 1954)
Germany (Wagner 1981, as Pericoma bavarica Wagner, 1981)
Ireland (Withers & O'Connor 1992)
Norway (Andersen & Håland, 1995)
Primorye (Russian far East) (Wagner 1994)
Scotland (Withers 1989)
Sweden (Berdén, 1954)
Natural History:
Unknown.
Discussion:
Wagner (1981) described Pericoma bavarica from Germany. The synonymy with Pericoma rivularis is not obvious from the illustrations, but is clear from the actual specimens.
Omelková & Ježek (2012) placed Pericoma rivularis in Pneumia Enderlein, 1935 based on the elongate apiculus on the terminal flagellomere. Kvifte & Andersen (2012) pointed out that Pneumia typically have retinacula with feathery tips and eyebridges of six or seven facets and argued that the elongate apiculus is a plesiomorphy of little value in classification. The placement of Pericoma rivularis is still unclear.
Bibliography
Andersen, T. & Håland, Ø. 1995. Norwegian moth flies (Diptera: Psychodidae). Fauna Norvegica Serie B. 42: 125-130.
Berdén, S. 1954. Taxonomical notes on Psychodidae (Dipt. Nem.) II. Four new species of Pericoma from Fennoscandia. Opuscula entomologica. 19: 33-39.
Espindola, M. A., Buerki, S., Jacquier, A., Ježek, J. & Alvarez, N. 2012. Phylogenetic relationships in the subfamily Psychodinae (Diptera, Psychodidae). Zoologica Scripta. 41: 489-498.
Ježek, J. 2003. New faunistic data and check list of non Phlebotomine moth flies (Diptera, Psychodidae) from the Czech and Slovak republics. Časopis Národního muzea, Řada přírodovědná. 172: 121-132.
Kvifte, G. M. & Andersen, T. 2012. Moth flies (Diptera, Psychodidae) from Finnmark, northern Norway. Norwegian Journal of Entomology. 59: 108-119.
Omelková, M. & Ježek, J. 2012. Two new species of Pneumia Enderlein (Diptera, Psychodidae, Psychodinae) from the Palearctic region. Zootaxa. 3180: 1-18.
Wagner, R. 1981. Über einige Psychodiden (Diptera, Nematocera) aus dem Murnauer Moos. Entomofauna. 2: 47-56.
Wagner, R. 1994. On a collection of Psychodidae (Diptera) from the Far East of Russia. Studia dipterologica. 1: 75-92.
Withers, P. 1989. Moth Flies Diptera: Psychodidae. Dipterists Digest. 4: 1-83.
Withers, P. & O'Connor, J. P. 1992. A Preliminary Account of the Irish Species of Moth Fly (Diptera: Psychodidae). Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy. Section B: Biological, Geological, and Chemical Science. 92B: 61-77.
Pericoma Walker, 1856
Pericoma Walker, 1856
Pericoma Walker, 1856
Leptopericoma Vaillant, 1978
Type species: Pericoma trifasciata (Meigen, 1804)
Description (based on Vaillant 1978)
Eyes separated by 2-8 facet diameters, usually less than 5. Eyebridge of 3-4 rows of facets. Interocular suture always present; U- or V-shaped.
Antennae of 16 barrel- or spindle-shaped segments. Scape stout, less than twice as long as broad, pedicel stout, globular. Flagellomere 14 with a short, thick apiculus. Ascoids simple, short, present mostly on flagellomeres 4-11.
Corniculi and allurement organs absent.
Sc long and conspicuous.
Hypandrium usually of even width. Subgenital plate usually bilobed.
Parameres fused with aedeagus, creating four aedeagal lamellae.
Surstylus usually with 4-5 retinacula, occasionally 3-8. Retinacula long, usually spatulate.
Key to subgenera (based on Krek 1999):
1. Eyebridge of 3 facet rows. Eyes separated by more than five facet diameters
-. Eyebridge of 4 facet rows. Eyes separated by five facet diameters or less
2 (1). Antennae 3,5 times as long as head. Flagellar segments elongate, spindle-shaped, first flagellomere 2,3 times length of scape
-. Antennae less than twice as long as head. Flagellar segments shorter, barrell-shaped, first flagellomere less than twice as long as scape
3 (2). Gonocoxites without mesal apodemes. Gonocoxites meeting broadly
-. Gonocoxites with mesal apodemes. Gonocoxites separated for most of their lengths, except at apex of mesal apodeme
Species:
Subgenus Pericoma s.str.
Nearctic:
signata (Banks, 1901)
Oriental:
coei Vaillant, 1965
Palearctic:
alhambrana Vaillant, 1978
alticola Vaillant, 1955
arvernica Vaillant, 1978
barbarica Vaillant, 1955
barremica Vaillant & Withers, 1993
becharreense Wagner, 1980
bosniaca Krek, 1967
bunae Krek, 1979
calcifera Vaillant & Withers, 1993
calcilega Feuerborn, 1923
corsicana Vaillant, 1955
crenophila Wagner & Schrankel, 2005
diversa Tonnoir, 1920
dlabolai Ježek, 1990
egeica Vaillant, 1978
exquisita Eaton, 1893
graecica Vaillant, 1978
granadica Vaillant, 1978
hakkariae Wagner, 1986
improvisa Wagner & Baez, 1993
incrustans Vaillant, 1978 (larva only)
insularis (Wagner & Salamanna, 1984)
isabellae Wagner in Wagner & Schrankel, 2005
latina Sarà, 1954
limicola Vaillant, 1961
ljubiniensis Krek, 1967
kabulica Wagner, 1979
kariana Vaillant, 1978
kugleri Wagner, 1984
maculosa Wagner, 1979
maroccana Vaillant, 1955
modesta Tonnoir, 1922
motasi Vaillant, 1978
orientalis Wagner, 1986
paghmanica Wagner, 1979
pallida Vaillant, 1978
pannonica Szabò, 1960
pingarestica Vaillant, 1978
platystyla Wagner, 1986
pseudocalcilega Krek, 1972
pseudoexquisita Tonnoir, 1940
restonicana Vaillant, 1978
segregata Vaillant, 1978
servadeii Salamanna, 1981
sinica Wagner, 2003
solitaria (Wagner & Salamanna 1984)
shikokuensis Tokunaga & Komyo, 1954
tatrica Szabò, 1960
taurica Ježek, 1990
tenerifensis Satchell, 1955
tenuistylis Vaillant, 1978
tienshanensis Ježek, 1994
tonnoiri Vaillant, 1978
trifasciata (Meigen, 1804)
vestita Vaillant & Withers, 1993
viperina Vaillant, 1961
volpina Vaillant, 1978
Subgenus Botosaneanuiella Vaillant, 1978
affinis Krek, 1985
attentuata Vaillant, 1979
Key to species of Botosaneanuiella Vaillant, 1978
1. Aedeagus rounded distally. Hypandrium broad with triangular median extension
-. Aedeagus squareish distally. Hypandrium comparatively narrow, without any expansions
Subgenus Pachypericoma Vaillant, 1978
blandula Eaton, 1893
fallax Eaton, 1893
neoblandula Duckhouse, 1962
nielseni Kvifte, 2010
note: Wagner (1994) places Pericoma rivularis Berdén, 1954 as well in Pachypericoma. This species has, however, an elongate apiculus on the terminal flagellomere; the apomorphic alternative of which is present both in all other Pericoma and even in some Berdeniella. A phylogenetic analysis of Pericomaini is neccessary to place P. rivularis with any degree of confidence.
Key to species of Pericoma (Pachypericoma) (based on Vaillant 1978)
1. Thin part of gonostylus much shorter than thickened part. Inner aedeagal lamellae with parallel sides
-. Thin part of gonostylus as long or almost as long as thickened part. Inner aedeagal lamellae with parallel sides or concave lateral margins
2 (1). Inner aedeagal lamellae with straight lateral margins (margins of aedeagal lamellae parallel)
-. Inner aedeagal lamellae with concave lateral margins
Subgenus Vaillantiella Krek, 1983
note: Wagner (1993) placed this species in Pericoma only provisionally. Probably it belongs in a new genus due to its unique combination of characters.
rivularis Berdén, 1954
note: Omelková & Ježek (2012) suggested that rivularis was a species of Pneumia Enderlein, 1935. Kvifte & Andersen (2012) considered this unlikely because of rivularis' narrow eyebridge and spatulate retinacula.
Biology:
Pericoma appear to be strictly aquatic, with larval development in water films on rocky walls, in moist calcareous sand or in aquatic to semiaquatic bryophytes (Vaillant 1978).
Bibliography
Krek, S. 1999. Psychodidae (Diptera Insecta) Balkanskog Poluotoka. Studentska Stamparija Univerziteta Sarajevo, Sarajevo, 417 pp.
Kvifte, G. M. & Andersen, T. 2012. Moth flies (Diptera, Psychodidae) from Finnmark, northern Norway. Norwegian Journal of Entomology. 59: 108-119.
Omelková, M. & Ježek, J. 2012. Two new species of Pneumia Enderlein (Diptera, Psychodidae, Psychodinae) from the Palearctic region. Zootaxa. 3180: 1-18.
Vaillant, F. 1978. Psychodidae - Psychodinae. Pp. 207-238 in: Lindner, E. (ed.) Die Fliegen der Palaearktischen Region. Lief. 317. E. Schweizerbart'scheVerlagsbuchhandlung, Stuttgart
Vaillant, F. 1979. Psychodidae - Psychodinae. Pp. 239-270 in: Lindner, E. (ed.) Die Fliegen der Palaearktischen Region. Lief. 320. E. Schweizerbart'scheVerlagsbuchhandlung, Stuttgart
Wagner, R. 1993. On a collection of Psychodidae (Diptera) by Dr. L. Botosaneanu from some Caribbean Islands. Aquatic Insects. 15: 109-127.
Walker, F. 1856. Insecta Brittannica, Diptera. Volume 3. L. Reeve, London. 352 pp
Pericoma Walker, 1856
Leptopericoma Vaillant, 1978
Type species: Pericoma trifasciata (Meigen, 1804)
Description (based on Vaillant 1978)
Eyes separated by 2-8 facet diameters, usually less than 5. Eyebridge of 3-4 rows of facets. Interocular suture always present; U- or V-shaped.
Antennae of 16 barrel- or spindle-shaped segments. Scape stout, less than twice as long as broad, pedicel stout, globular. Flagellomere 14 with a short, thick apiculus. Ascoids simple, short, present mostly on flagellomeres 4-11.
Corniculi and allurement organs absent.
Sc long and conspicuous.
Hypandrium usually of even width. Subgenital plate usually bilobed.
Parameres fused with aedeagus, creating four aedeagal lamellae.
Surstylus usually with 4-5 retinacula, occasionally 3-8. Retinacula long, usually spatulate.
Key to subgenera (based on Krek 1999):
1. Eyebridge of 3 facet rows. Eyes separated by more than five facet diameters
Botosaneanuiella Vaillant, 1978
-. Eyebridge of 4 facet rows. Eyes separated by five facet diameters or less
2
2 (1). Antennae 3,5 times as long as head. Flagellar segments elongate, spindle-shaped, first flagellomere 2,3 times length of scape
Vaillantiella Krek, 1983
-. Antennae less than twice as long as head. Flagellar segments shorter, barrell-shaped, first flagellomere less than twice as long as scape
3
3 (2). Gonocoxites without mesal apodemes. Gonocoxites meeting broadly
Pachypericoma Vaillant, 1978
-. Gonocoxites with mesal apodemes. Gonocoxites separated for most of their lengths, except at apex of mesal apodeme
Pericoma s.str.
Species:
Subgenus Pericoma s.str.
Nearctic:
signata (Banks, 1901)
Oriental:
coei Vaillant, 1965
Palearctic:
alhambrana Vaillant, 1978
alticola Vaillant, 1955
arvernica Vaillant, 1978
barbarica Vaillant, 1955
barremica Vaillant & Withers, 1993
becharreense Wagner, 1980
bosniaca Krek, 1967
bunae Krek, 1979
calcifera Vaillant & Withers, 1993
calcilega Feuerborn, 1923
corsicana Vaillant, 1955
crenophila Wagner & Schrankel, 2005
diversa Tonnoir, 1920
dlabolai Ježek, 1990
egeica Vaillant, 1978
exquisita Eaton, 1893
graecica Vaillant, 1978
granadica Vaillant, 1978
hakkariae Wagner, 1986
improvisa Wagner & Baez, 1993
incrustans Vaillant, 1978 (larva only)
insularis (Wagner & Salamanna, 1984)
isabellae Wagner in Wagner & Schrankel, 2005
latina Sarà, 1954
limicola Vaillant, 1961
ljubiniensis Krek, 1967
kabulica Wagner, 1979
kariana Vaillant, 1978
kugleri Wagner, 1984
maculosa Wagner, 1979
maroccana Vaillant, 1955
modesta Tonnoir, 1922
motasi Vaillant, 1978
orientalis Wagner, 1986
paghmanica Wagner, 1979
pallida Vaillant, 1978
pannonica Szabò, 1960
pingarestica Vaillant, 1978
platystyla Wagner, 1986
pseudocalcilega Krek, 1972
pseudoexquisita Tonnoir, 1940
restonicana Vaillant, 1978
segregata Vaillant, 1978
servadeii Salamanna, 1981
sinica Wagner, 2003
solitaria (Wagner & Salamanna 1984)
shikokuensis Tokunaga & Komyo, 1954
tatrica Szabò, 1960
taurica Ježek, 1990
tenerifensis Satchell, 1955
tenuistylis Vaillant, 1978
tienshanensis Ježek, 1994
tonnoiri Vaillant, 1978
trifasciata (Meigen, 1804)
vestita Vaillant & Withers, 1993
viperina Vaillant, 1961
volpina Vaillant, 1978
Subgenus Botosaneanuiella Vaillant, 1978
affinis Krek, 1985
attentuata Vaillant, 1979
Key to species of Botosaneanuiella Vaillant, 1978
1. Aedeagus rounded distally. Hypandrium broad with triangular median extension
Pericoma affinis Krek, 1985
-. Aedeagus squareish distally. Hypandrium comparatively narrow, without any expansions
Pericoma attentuata Vaillant, 1979
Subgenus Pachypericoma Vaillant, 1978
blandula Eaton, 1893
fallax Eaton, 1893
neoblandula Duckhouse, 1962
nielseni Kvifte, 2010
note: Wagner (1994) places Pericoma rivularis Berdén, 1954 as well in Pachypericoma. This species has, however, an elongate apiculus on the terminal flagellomere; the apomorphic alternative of which is present both in all other Pericoma and even in some Berdeniella. A phylogenetic analysis of Pericomaini is neccessary to place P. rivularis with any degree of confidence.
Key to species of Pericoma (Pachypericoma) (based on Vaillant 1978)
1. Thin part of gonostylus much shorter than thickened part. Inner aedeagal lamellae with parallel sides
Pericoma nielseni Kvifte, 2010
-. Thin part of gonostylus as long or almost as long as thickened part. Inner aedeagal lamellae with parallel sides or concave lateral margins
2
2 (1). Inner aedeagal lamellae with straight lateral margins (margins of aedeagal lamellae parallel)
Pericoma fallax Eaton, 1893
-. Inner aedeagal lamellae with concave lateral margins
Pericoma blandula Eaton, 1893 and Pericoma neoblandula Duckhouse, 1962
note: Secure separation of these species is only possible in the larval stage (Vaillant 1979).Subgenus Vaillantiella Krek, 1983
antennata Krek, 1984
Unplaced species
hygropetrica Wagner, 1993note: Wagner (1993) placed this species in Pericoma only provisionally. Probably it belongs in a new genus due to its unique combination of characters.
rivularis Berdén, 1954
note: Omelková & Ježek (2012) suggested that rivularis was a species of Pneumia Enderlein, 1935. Kvifte & Andersen (2012) considered this unlikely because of rivularis' narrow eyebridge and spatulate retinacula.
Biology:
Pericoma appear to be strictly aquatic, with larval development in water films on rocky walls, in moist calcareous sand or in aquatic to semiaquatic bryophytes (Vaillant 1978).
Bibliography
Krek, S. 1999. Psychodidae (Diptera Insecta) Balkanskog Poluotoka. Studentska Stamparija Univerziteta Sarajevo, Sarajevo, 417 pp.
Kvifte, G. M. & Andersen, T. 2012. Moth flies (Diptera, Psychodidae) from Finnmark, northern Norway. Norwegian Journal of Entomology. 59: 108-119.
Omelková, M. & Ježek, J. 2012. Two new species of Pneumia Enderlein (Diptera, Psychodidae, Psychodinae) from the Palearctic region. Zootaxa. 3180: 1-18.
Vaillant, F. 1978. Psychodidae - Psychodinae. Pp. 207-238 in: Lindner, E. (ed.) Die Fliegen der Palaearktischen Region. Lief. 317. E. Schweizerbart'scheVerlagsbuchhandlung, Stuttgart
Vaillant, F. 1979. Psychodidae - Psychodinae. Pp. 239-270 in: Lindner, E. (ed.) Die Fliegen der Palaearktischen Region. Lief. 320. E. Schweizerbart'scheVerlagsbuchhandlung, Stuttgart
Wagner, R. 1993. On a collection of Psychodidae (Diptera) by Dr. L. Botosaneanu from some Caribbean Islands. Aquatic Insects. 15: 109-127.
Walker, F. 1856. Insecta Brittannica, Diptera. Volume 3. L. Reeve, London. 352 pp
Pericoma nielseni Kvifte, 2010
Pericoma nielseni Kvifte, 2010
Vaillant, F. 1978. Psychodidae - Psychodinae. In: E. Lindner (ed.), Die Fliegen Der Palearktischen Region Lief. 317, pp. 207-238. E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Stuttgart.
Pericoma formosa Nielsen, 1964, nec. Meunier 1905
Pericoma (Pachypericoma) formosa Nielsen, 1964 - Vaillant, 1978
 |
| Pericoma nielseni Kvifte, 2010 from Norway. Photo: Gunnar Mikalsen Kvifte |
Description (based on Vaillant 1978; diagnostic characters in italics):
Interocular distance 2 facet diameters.
Subgenital plate with two distal lobes.
Gonocoxites meeting medially. Distal part of gonostylus much shorter than basal part. Aedeagal lamellae of even width throughout their length
4 retinacula
Distribution:
Czech Republic (Ježek et al. 2005)
Denmark (Nielsen 1964)
France (Vaillant 1978)
Finland (Salmela 2003)
Norway (Andersen & Håland 1995)
Romania (Vaillant 1978)
Slovakia (Ježek 2006)
Natural History:
Unknown.
Bibliography:
Andersen, T. & Håland, Ø. 1995. Norwegian moth flies (Diptera: Psychodidae). Fauna Norvegica Serie B, 42: 125-130
Ježek, J. 2006. New faunistic records of moth flies (Insecta, Diptera, Psychodidae) from Slovakia. Entomofauna Carpathica, 18: 34-36
Ježek, J., Kubík, Š. & Barták, M. 2005. Psychodidae. Pp. 78-85 in: Barták, M. & Kubík, Š. (ed.) Diptera of Podyjí National Park and its Environs. Prague: Národni Muzeum
Ježek, J., Kubík, Š. & Barták, M. 2005. Psychodidae. Pp. 78-85 in: Barták, M. & Kubík, Š. (ed.) Diptera of Podyjí National Park and its Environs. Prague: Národni Muzeum
Kvifte, G. M. 2010. Pericoma nielseni nom.nov., a replacement name for Pericoma formosa Nielsen, 1964, preoccupied by Pericoma formosa Meunier, 1905 (Diptera: Psychodidae). Zootaxa 2726: 68
Meunier, F. 1905. Monographie des Psychodidae de l'ámber de la baltique. Annales historico-naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici 3: 235-255
Nielsen, B. O. 1964. Studies on Danish Psychodidae (Diptera: Nematocera) II. Natura Jutlandica 12: 149-161
Salmela, J. 2003. New records of the families Psychodidae, Dixidae and Thaumaleidae (Diptera, Nematocera) from Finland. Studia dipterologica, 10: 143-152.
Vaillant, F. 1978. Psychodidae - Psychodinae. In: E. Lindner (ed.), Die Fliegen Der Palearktischen Region Lief. 317, pp. 207-238. E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Stuttgart.
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